MATH_ERRNO, MATH_ERREXCEPT, math_errhandling

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Common mathematical functions
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Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
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Classification
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Macro constants
math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERRNOEXCEPT
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Defined in header <math.h>
#define MATH_ERRNO        1
(since C99)
#define MATH_ERREXCEPT    2
(since C99)
#define math_errhandling  /*implementation defined*/
(since C99)

The macro constant math_errhandling expands to an expression of type int that is either equal to MATH_ERRNO, or equal to MATH_ERREXCEPT, or equal to their bitwise OR (MATH_ERRNO | MATH_ERREXCEPT).

The value of math_errhandling indicates the type of error handling that is performed by the floating-point operators and functions:

Constant Explanation
MATH_ERREXCEPT indicates that floating-point exceptions are used: at least FE_DIVBYZERO, FE_INVALID, and FE_OVERFLOW are defined in <fenv.h>.
MATH_ERRNO indicates that floating-point operations use the variable errno to report errors.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559), math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT is required to be non-zero.

The following floating-point error conditions are recognized:

Condition Explanation errno floating-point exception Example
Domain error the argument is outside the range in which the operation is mathematically defined (the description of each function lists the required domain errors) EDOM FE_INVALID acos(2)
Pole error the mathematical result of the function is exactly infinite or undefined ERANGE FE_DIVBYZERO log(0.0), 1.0/0.0
Range error due to overflow the mathematical result is finite, but becomes infinite after rounding, or becomes the largest representable finite value after rounding down ERANGE FE_OVERFLOW pow(DBL_MAX,2)
Range error due to underflow the result is non-zero, but becomes zero after rounding, or becomes subnormal with a loss of precision ERANGE or unchanged (implementation-defined) FE_UNDERFLOW or nothing (implementation-defined) DBL_MIN/2
Inexact result the result has to be rounded to fit in the destination type unchanged FE_INEXACT or nothing (unspecified) sqrt(2), 1.0/10.0

Notes

Whether FE_INEXACT is raised by the mathematical library functions is unspecified in general, but may be explicitly specified in the description of the function (e.g. rint vs nearbyint).

Before C99, floating-point exceptions were not specified, EDOM was required for any domain error, ERANGE was required for overflows and implementation-defined for underflows.

Example

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <errno.h>
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main(void)
{
    printf("MATH_ERRNO is %s\n", math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO ? "set" : "not set");
    printf("MATH_ERREXCEPT is %s\n",
           math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT ? "set" : "not set");
    feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
    errno = 0;
    printf("log(0) = %f\n", log(0));
    if(errno == ERANGE)
        perror("errno == ERANGE");
    if(fetestexcept(FE_DIVBYZERO))
        puts("FE_DIVBYZERO (pole error) reported");
}

Possible output:

MATH_ERRNO is set
MATH_ERREXCEPT is set
log(0) = -inf
errno = ERANGE: Numerical result out of range
FE_DIVBYZERO (pole error) reported

References

  • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
  • 7.12/9 MATH_ERRNO, MATH_ERREXCEPT, math_errhandling (p: 233)
  • F.10/4 MATH_ERREXCEPT, math_errhandling (p: 517)
  • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
  • 7.12/9 MATH_ERRNO, MATH_ERREXCEPT, math_errhandling (p: 214)
  • F.9/4 MATH_ERREXCEPT, math_errhandling> (p: 454)

See also

floating-point exceptions
(macro constant)
macro which expands to POSIX-compatible thread-local error number variable
(macro variable)
C++ documentation for math_errhandling